Brain Tumour Treatment: Exploring Surgical and Non-Surgical Options

A brain tumour is a serious medical condition that requires timely diagnosis and the right treatment approach. Depending on the type, location, and severity, doctors may recommend surgical or non-surgical options. Advances in medical technology have significantly improved outcomes, making treatments more effective while minimising risks.

When considering brain tumour treatment in India, patients can explore multiple options. Specialised neurosurgical techniques and innovative therapies offer hope for better recovery. Treatment plans are often personalised, ensuring that each patient receives the most suitable care based on their condition.

Understanding Brain Tumours

A brain tumour occurs due to abnormal cell growth in or around the brain. These tumours are broadly classified as benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous).

• Benign tumours: Grow slowly and may not spread to other areas.
• Malignant tumours: Aggressive, require immediate medical attention.

Symptoms vary depending on the tumour’s size and location. Common signs include persistent headaches, seizures, memory issues, vision problems, and difficulty with movement or speech. Early diagnosis through MRI, CT scans, and neurological exams is crucial for determining the right course of action.

Surgical Treatment Options

Surgery remains a key option for many patients, especially when complete or partial tumour removal is possible. Modern neurosurgical procedures ensure greater precision, reducing damage to surrounding tissues.

1. Craniotomy

A widely performed procedure, craniotomy involves removing a section of the skull to access and extract the tumour. Once the tumour is removed, the skull section is replaced. This method is effective for tumours that are accessible and operable.

2. Endoscopic Brain Surgery

For tumours located in deep or sensitive areas, minimally invasive techniques like endoscopic surgery may be used. A small incision allows a thin, flexible tube with a camera (endoscope) to reach the tumour. This method results in faster recovery and fewer complications.

3. Stereotactic Radiosurgery (SRS)

Although termed “surgery,” this is a non-invasive treatment that uses highly targeted radiation beams to destroy tumour cells. Techniques such as Gamma Knife and CyberKnife are commonly used for treating smaller tumours or cases where traditional surgery is not an option.

Non-Surgical Treatment Options

Not all brain tumours require surgery. In some cases, non-surgical treatments can help control growth and manage symptoms effectively.

1. Radiation Therapy

This method uses high-energy radiation beams to shrink tumours or slow their progression. It is particularly useful for inoperable tumours or cases where some tumour cells remain after surgery.

Types of radiation therapy include:

• External Beam Radiation Therapy (EBRT) – Directs radiation at the tumour from outside the body.
• Proton Beam Therapy – Delivers highly targeted radiation, reducing damage to healthy brain tissue.

2. Chemotherapy

Chemotherapy is a common treatment for malignant brain tumours. It involves the use of powerful drugs that destroy or slow the growth of cancerous cells. The treatment can be administered orally, intravenously, or directly into the cerebrospinal fluid.

While chemotherapy is effective, it may have side effects such as fatigue, nausea, and weakened immunity, which require careful management.

3. Targeted Therapy

Unlike chemotherapy, targeted therapy focuses on specific genetic mutations in cancer cells. This personalised approach blocks abnormal signals that contribute to tumour growth, leading to better outcomes with fewer side effects.

4. Immunotherapy

An evolving treatment, immunotherapy helps the body’s natural defence system recognise and attack tumour cells. Although still under clinical trials, it has shown promise in treating certain types of aggressive brain tumours.

Choosing the Right Brain Tumour Treatment in India

Patients looking for brain tumour treatment in India have access to some of the most advanced medical facilities, highly experienced specialists, and advanced technology. The choice of treatment depends on several factors, including:

• Tumour Type & Stage: Whether it is benign or malignant
• Location & Size: Determines if surgical removal is possible
• Patient’s Overall Health: Guides the choice between surgical and non-surgical treatments

A multidisciplinary approach involving neurosurgeons, oncologists, radiologists, and rehabilitation experts ensures a well-rounded treatment plan tailored to individual needs.

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Conclusion

The field of brain tumour treatment in India has progressed significantly, offering a combination of surgical and non-surgical treatments for better outcomes. While surgery remains a preferred option for operable tumours, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and targeted treatments provide effective alternatives when surgery is not feasible.

Hospitals with advanced neurology and oncology departments are leading the way in providing comprehensive care. Institutions following a multidisciplinary approach, such as BLK-Max Super Speciality Hospital, ensure that patients receive the most suitable treatment based on their condition. Seeking advice from experienced neurosurgeons and oncologists can help patients make informed decisions about their health.

Timely intervention and access to expert care significantly improve survival rates and long-term well-being. Staying informed and choosing the right treatment path is key to better outcomes.